Treatments include medicines, laser trabeculoplasty, conventional surgery, or a combination of any of these. These treatments are intended to prevent further damage to the optic nerve but do not improve damage that has already occurred.

 

• Medication:

 

Medicines are in the form of drops, and occasionally pills.  These treatments are long-term and usually must be continued indefinitely.

 

It is important to tell your ophthalmologist about other medicines, including supplements, that you take.  Sometimes the drops, or pills, can interfere with the way other medicines work. It is also important to disclose any medical conditions that you may have to avoid adverse interactions.

 

Side effects are usually specific to the medication being used. Superficial symptoms may include stinging, burning, and redness in the eyes.  More significant complications can occur if a person has breathing issues, like asthma or congestive pulmonary disease.

 

• Laser:

 

Laser trabeculoplasty helps fluid drain out of the eye. While it can be very effective, laser does not always deliver the same effect in each patient, or in both eyes of the same patient. Also, laser may partially lower the pressure, but continued use of medication may be necessary.

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• Surgery:

 

Surgery is designed to create fluid flow from inside the eye to outside the eye. There are many techniques in use today, each with relative advantage and drawbacks. While "filtration" - flow from inside to outside - is the objective, this needs to be titrated to the particular person's needs and lifestyle.